SO
Platform
Shieldmark
Coverage
Full Safeguarding Curriculum
Tools
27 Sections
Golden Rule
Report, don't investigate

Quick Actions

The 5 Core Principles

1Every child deserves to be safe in football
2Safeguarding is everyone's responsibility
3Children's welfare is always the priority
4Organisations must have safe cultures and systems
5Survivors' voices must be heard and respected

Key Statistics

1 in 5
children experience abuse before age 18 (WHO)
38%
of athletes experience psychological violence in sport
91%
of abuse is perpetrated by someone the child knows

Qualities of an Effective SO

🤝
Accessible
Children and adults feel safe approaching you. Open door, no judgement.
🛡️
Trustworthy
You keep confidences appropriately and follow through on commitments.
💪
Courageous
Willing to challenge inappropriate behaviour and escalate concerns.
🌱
Resilient
Able to manage emotional weight while remaining effective and present.

Common Challenges

!
Isolation

SOs often work alone. Seek peer networks and supervision.

!
Emotional burden

Exposure to distressing disclosures causes vicarious trauma. Regular debrief is essential.

!
Organisational resistance

Culture change is slow. Document your efforts and escalate formally when blocked.

Role clarity

Your role is to receive, assess and refer. Investigating or providing therapy is not part of your remit.

Self-Care Strategies

Regular Supervision

Schedule monthly check-ins with your line manager or an external supervisor to debrief on cases and manage stress.

Peer Support Network

Connect with SOs at other clubs or through your national association. Shared experience reduces isolation.

Clear Boundaries

Define your working hours, out-of-hours protocol, and handover procedures. Sustainable practice protects children long-term.

Written Records

Detailed records protect you if decisions are questioned and help you process complex cases objectively.

Training Currency

Refreshing your knowledge annually reduces anxiety about knowing "the right answer" and keeps practice evidence-based.

Celebrate Wins

Policy adoption, a child feeling heard, a coach changing their behaviour: these outcomes matter. Acknowledge them.

"The wellbeing of the Safeguarding Officer is not a luxury. It is a safeguarding measure. A burnt-out SO cannot protect children."
— FIFA Safeguarding

Physical Abuse

Hitting, kicking, shaking, burning, or otherwise causing physical harm. This includes excessive physical training used as punishment.

Football context:
  • Excessive "conditioning" used as punishment
  • Hitting a child during training
  • Forcing a child to play through serious injury

Emotional / Psychological Abuse

Persistent behaviour causing severe adverse effects on a child's emotional development, including humiliation, threats, rejection, and constant criticism.

Football context:
  • Consistently demeaning a player's ability
  • Using fear and intimidation as motivation
  • Publicly humiliating a child in front of teammates

Sexual Abuse

Forcing or enticing a child into sexual activities, including non-contact activities such as showing pornography or sexual messaging.

Football context:
  • Inappropriate touching during physiotherapy
  • Sharing sexual images or messages
  • Grooming through a position of trust

Neglect

Persistent failure to meet a child's basic physical and/or psychological needs, resulting in serious impairment of health or development.

Football context:
  • Not providing adequate nutrition/hydration
  • Ignoring injury or medical needs
  • Failing to provide appropriate supervision

Additional Categories in Sport

Hazing / Initiation

Rituals that humiliate, demean, or harm new members, often normalised within team culture. All forms are unacceptable.

Bullying & Harassment

Repeated intimidation, exclusion, or harassment by peers or adults. Includes cyberbullying via team messaging apps.

Institutional Abuse

When organisational culture or failures create an environment where abuse is enabled, ignored, or covered up.

Important: No single indicator proves abuse. Look for patterns, changes, and combinations of signs. Always act on concern. It is not your job to prove abuse, only to report it.

Physical Indicators

  • Unexplained injuries — bruises, burns, fractures
  • Injuries inconsistent with the given explanation
  • Injuries in unusual locations (torso, back, buttocks)
  • Multiple injuries at different stages of healing
  • Signs of poor nutrition or inadequate clothing
  • Frequent tiredness or falling asleep during training
  • Untreated or recurring injuries being played through

Behavioural Indicators

  • Sudden change in behaviour or performance
  • Withdrawal from team activities or friendships
  • Unexplained fear of a particular adult or place
  • Reluctance to undress or use changing facilities
  • Age-inappropriate sexual knowledge or behaviour
  • Regressive behaviour (bedwetting, thumb-sucking)
  • Running away or not wanting to go home
  • Low self-esteem, self-harm, or suicidal statements

Context Indicators

  • Adult spending excessive one-to-one time with a child
  • Adult giving gifts or special privileges
  • Adult communicating with children via private channels
  • Adult photographing children without clear consent
  • Child seeking out physical contact with adults
  • Child disclosing then retracting a disclosure

When to Act

Emergency: call authorities now

Child in immediate danger, serious injuries, or direct disclosure of recent abuse

Urgent: same day

Child has disclosed, shows signs of significant harm, or inappropriate adult behaviour observed

Concern: within 24 hours

Persistent pattern of indicators or repeated minor incidents involving the same adult

Grooming is a process through which an offender gradually gains a child's (and often the family's and organisation's) trust to facilitate abuse. It can take weeks, months, or years.

The Sliding Scale of Concern

Level 1: Boundary Testing
Seemingly innocent actions that test how children and adults respond: favouritism, extra attention, "accidental" physical contact.
Level 2: Trust Building
Deliberate relationship building: gifts, secret-keeping, special privileges, isolating the child from peers.
Level 3: Normalising
Introducing sexual topics, images, or language. Desensitising the child to inappropriate content or contact.
Level 4: Entrapping
Using shame, threats, or guilt to maintain secrecy. "No one will believe you." "You'll ruin the team."
Level 5: Abuse
Active abuse, often maintained through continued grooming, threats, or psychological control.

Red Flags in Football

  • Coach insisting on one-to-one sessions in private spaces
  • Adult using a "special relationship" narrative with a player
  • Giving lifts without parent knowledge or agreement
  • Messaging children via personal accounts or encrypted apps
  • Making promises about selection, trials, or agents
  • Photographing or filming changing areas
  • Taking children away overnight without proper consent
  • Dismissing parental concerns or excluding parents

Organisational Grooming

Abusers don't just groom children. They groom organisations too. Warning signs include:

  • Staff member always first to volunteer for child-related tasks
  • Resistance to safeguarding policies or supervision
  • Creating dependency: "only I can do this job"
  • Seeking excessive trust and authority
  • Discrediting children who raise concerns
  • Cultivating relationships with influential adults who will vouch for them
All children deserve protection. Some face additional barriers to disclosure or are at higher risk of specific forms of harm. Understanding these factors strengthens prevention.

Children with Disabilities

3–4× more likely to experience abuse. May rely on personal care, have communication differences, or be taught to comply. Ensure alternative disclosure methods.

Elite Youth Athletes

High-performance environments create power imbalances. Fear of deselection suppresses disclosure. Residential academies require additional safeguards.

Girls & Young Women

Higher risk of sexual harassment and abuse, often in male-dominated environments. Ensure female-specific spaces and reporting routes.

🏳️‍🌈

LGBTQ+ Young People

Homophobia in football culture creates hostile environments. Fear of being "outed" by disclosing. Explicit inclusion in policy is essential.

🌍

Ethnic Minorities

Cultural and language barriers to disclosure. Distrust of authorities. Risk of exploitation through migration. Ensure culturally competent responses.

🧑

Adults at Risk

Adults with learning disabilities, mental health conditions, or acquired disabilities may also need protection. Adjust procedures accordingly.

Intersectionality

Children rarely belong to just one group. A girl with a disability from an ethnic minority background may face compounded barriers. Effective safeguarding considers the whole child.

Ask yourself:

  • Does this child have multiple risk factors?
  • Are our reporting routes accessible to this child?
  • Do we have appropriate adults to receive disclosures?
  • Does our policy explicitly include this child?

Key Statistic

38%

of athletes have experienced psychological violence in sport. This disproportionately affects girls, athletes with disabilities, and those from minority backgrounds.

Emotional Barriers

😨
Shame and self-blame

Children often believe they caused or deserved what happened.

😰
Fear of not being believed

Particularly when the abuser is trusted, popular, or authoritative.

😢
Protecting the abuser

Where there is an emotional bond, especially with a beloved coach.

😱
Fear of consequences

"If I tell, they'll lose their job." "The team will fall apart."

Practical Barriers

🔤
Language and communication

Children may not have the words for what happened, or may not speak the dominant language.

🚪
No safe adult to tell

The abuser may be the only trusted adult, or all adults seem aligned with them.

📵
No reporting route

Children don't know who to tell or what will happen when they do.

🎯
Sport-specific pressures

Fear of losing selection, place in squad, or scholarship. "The coach decides my future."

Creating a Disclosure-Friendly Environment

Visible Safeguarding

Post the SO's name, photo, and contact details in changing rooms, noticeboards, and the club website.

Multiple Reporting Routes

Not every child will tell the SO. Offer options: trusted adult, anonymous feedback, phone line, text system.

Child-Friendly Language

Regularly tell children in age-appropriate language that it's okay to tell, nothing is their fault, and they will be believed.

Do not promise confidentiality. If a child asks you to keep a secret first, explain gently: "I'll always try to help you, but I can't promise to keep secrets if I'm worried about your safety."

The REACT Framework

R
Receive

Listen calmly. Stay composed. Don't show shock or disbelief. Give the child your full attention.

E
Empathise

"I believe you." "Thank you for telling me." "You were right to tell me." "This is not your fault."

A
Avoid

Don't ask leading questions. Don't promise outcomes. Don't investigate. Don't express anger at the alleged abuser in front of the child.

C
Clarify

Only if needed for immediate safety: "Can you tell me a little more?" Use open questions only. Stop when you have enough to report.

T
Tell & Record

Tell the child what will happen next. Report to the SO (or if you are the SO, to statutory authorities). Record what was said immediately.

What to Say

"Thank you for telling me."
"You were right to tell me."
"I believe you."
"This is not your fault."
"I'm going to get some help for you."
"I can't keep this secret, because I care about your safety."

What NOT to Say

"Why didn't you tell someone sooner?"
"Are you sure that's what happened?"
"I won't tell anyone, I promise."
"I can't believe it — he's such a good coach."
"What were you doing there alone?"
"Don't worry, I'll sort it out."
1

Identify the concern

A child has disclosed, you have observed something, or a third party has reported. The concern relates to possible abuse, neglect, or inappropriate adult behaviour.

2

Ensure immediate safety

If the child is in immediate danger, call emergency services. If urgent medical attention is needed, seek it without delay — don't wait for procedures.

3

Refer to the Safeguarding Officer

If you are not the SO, report to them immediately. Do not investigate. Pass on exactly what was observed or disclosed — in your words, not your interpretation.

4

SO assesses and refers

The SO evaluates the concern and refers to statutory agencies. For allegations against staff, inform the national association and follow suspension protocol.

5

Record everything

Record what happened, what was said, who was told, and what action was taken. Factual, non-interpretive language. Store securely with restricted access.

Confidentiality vs. Child Protection: Confidentiality does not override a child's right to protection. You can share information about a safeguarding concern without consent when a child is at risk of harm.
Incident Details
People Involved
Description of Concern
Action Taken

Threshold for Action

Threshold
Description
Action
Low
Welfare concern: child may be experiencing difficulties but is not at immediate risk
Early support, monitor, document, discuss with family if appropriate
Medium
Child in need: likely requiring formal support from multiple agencies
Refer to children's services for assessment
High
Child at risk of significant harm. Immediate intervention required.
Refer to police and/or children's services immediately

The 9 Stages of Case Management

1
Receive

Concern received by SO: verbal, written, or direct disclosure

2
Record

Document immediately using factual, verbatim language. Secure storage.

3
Assess

Initial triage: level of risk, immediate safety needs, and threshold for referral

4
Refer

Refer to statutory agencies if threshold is met. Always confirm in writing.

5
Cooperate

Provide information to investigators as requested. No parallel investigation.

6
Support

Ensure child and family have access to appropriate support throughout

7
Manage

If allegation involves a staff member, suspend from all child contact pending investigation

8
Review

After statutory investigation, review what happened and what the club needs to learn

9
Close

Closure only after confirmation from statutory agencies. Retain records per policy.

Investigation Principles

  • Do not investigate. Your role is to receive and refer.
  • Preserve evidence. Don't wash clothing, delete messages, or move items.
  • One account only. Avoid asking the child to repeat their account multiple times.
  • Natural justice. The alleged perpetrator should be informed, but only by authorities. This is not the club's role.
  • No parallel investigation while statutory investigation is ongoing.

Case Recording Format

Good case records are clear, factual, and retrievable.

Date/Time:When did this happen / when was it recorded?
People present:Who was there? Who reported?
Concern/disclosure:Verbatim account using the child's exact words
Child's presentation:Physical and emotional state observed
Action taken:What was done; who was told; by when
Signed:Name, role, signature, date
Organisation Details
Policy Configuration

Purpose of the Steering Group

A safeguarding steering group provides organisational oversight. It is not a case management body. Its focus is on systems, culture, and accountability.

  • Approve and review safeguarding policy
  • Ensure adequate resources for safeguarding
  • Monitor training compliance across the organisation
  • Review anonymised incidents and near-misses
  • Commission regular safeguarding audits
  • Report to the board on safeguarding performance

Recommended Membership

Chair
Board member with safeguarding lead responsibility
SO
Designated Safeguarding Officer (operational lead)
HR
HR representative (recruitment, DBS, HR processes)
Comms
Communications lead (social media, photography policy)
Tech
Technical director or head of coaching
Medical
Club doctor or physiotherapist
Youth
Parent/guardian representative

Standing Agenda

Standing Agenda Items
1

Policy & Procedures

Document your commitment with a clear, accessible policy. Define procedures for reporting, responding, and recording concerns.

2

People

Appoint a Designated Safeguarding Officer with clear authority. Ensure all staff are vetted and aware of their responsibilities.

3

Prevention

Create environments that prevent abuse. Implement codes of conduct, safe physical environments, and communication protocols.

4

Training & Awareness

Equip all staff, volunteers, parents, and players with appropriate safeguarding knowledge. Maintain records and renewal schedules.

5

Reporting & Review

Maintain clear reporting systems and review safeguarding practice regularly. Learn from incidents, near-misses, and audits.

Harmful Coaching Practices to Avoid

  • Using humiliation or public criticism as motivation
  • Physical contact without consent or necessity
  • Communicating with players via personal social media accounts
  • Spending excessive one-to-one time with individual players
  • Using fear of deselection as a control mechanism
  • Ignoring injuries or pressuring players to train through pain
  • Making promises about trials, agents, or professional contracts
  • Photographing players without explicit consent processes

Child-Centred Coaching Principles

  • Every player's dignity is respected at all times
  • Development of the whole person, not just the footballer
  • Feedback is constructive, specific, and encouraging
  • Players feel safe to make mistakes and ask questions
  • Playing time and decisions are explained transparently
  • Open communication channels with parents/guardians
  • Coach models the behaviour expected of players
  • Safeguarding is integrated into all coaching decisions

Charter Generator

"At Salisbury Rovers, we made safeguarding part of our coaching philosophy — not an add-on. When we presented the charter to our coaches, most said it simply described what they already believed. That's when you know culture is changing."
— FIFA Safeguarding

Three Training Levels

Level 1

Essentials

For all staff and volunteers with any contact with children

  • What is safeguarding?
  • Recognising signs of abuse
  • How to respond to a disclosure
  • Who to report concerns to
  • Code of conduct
Duration: 2–3 hours | Renewal: 3 years
Level 2

Intermediate

For coaches, team managers, and staff with regular child contact

  • All Level 1 content
  • Types of abuse in depth
  • Grooming tactics
  • Safer coaching practices
  • Safeguarding vulnerable groups
Duration: 6–8 hours | Renewal: 2 years
Level 3

Role-Specific / Specialist

For Safeguarding Officers, board leads, and senior staff

  • All Level 1 & 2 content
  • Case management procedures
  • Working with statutory agencies
  • Conducting a TNA
  • Safeguarding governance
Duration: 16–24 hours | Renewal: Annual

Training Needs Matrix

Handa Cup Case Study: Following a safeguarding incident at an international youth tournament, organisers implemented mandatory pre-event safeguarding plans, designated safeguarding leads at all venues, and a child welfare hotline. Incidents fell by 70% in the following season.

Event Safeguarding Roles

Tournament SO
Lead safeguarding contact for the event. Receives all concerns. Liaises with host authorities.
Team Manager / SO
Each participating team should have an adult responsible for their players' welfare.
Welfare Officer
At residential events: responsible for accommodation safety, supervision ratios, overnight welfare.
Venue Lead
Ensures physical safety: changing facilities, supervision sight lines, and access control.

Safeguarding Plan Areas

  • Pre-event risk assessment and venue inspection
  • Named safeguarding contact published to all teams
  • Welfare reporting process communicated to all
  • Photography and media policy enforced throughout
  • Supervision ratios maintained (min. 1:8 for under-12s)
  • Parental consent forms for residential/away events
  • Emergency contacts held for all participants
  • Safe accommodation standards (single-sex, secure)

Event Safeguarding Checklist

0 / 20 complete
Pre-Event (4+ weeks before)
Venue & Accommodation
During the Event
Post-Event
Score each item: 3 = In Place (fully implemented), 1 = Partial (in progress), 0 = Not in Place. Your total determines safeguarding maturity level.

Part A: Policy & Governance

1. We have a written child safeguarding policy adopted by the board
2. The policy is reviewed at least every two years
3. There is a board member with named safeguarding responsibility
4. Our policy covers all relevant groups (children, adults at risk, online safety)

Part B: People & Recruitment

5. A Designated Safeguarding Officer has been appointed with clear terms of reference
6. All staff and volunteers working with children have undergone background/DBS checks
7. We have safer recruitment procedures (references, interview questions, role-specific checks)
8. Safeguarding responsibilities are included in all job descriptions for child-facing roles

Part C: Training & Awareness

9. All staff and volunteers have completed a recognised safeguarding training programme
10. Training completion is recorded and renewals are tracked
11. Players and parents/guardians are made aware of safeguarding arrangements
12. Safeguarding is included in induction for all new staff and volunteers

Part D: Reporting & Response

13. There are clear procedures for reporting concerns and these are known to all staff
14. A safeguarding incident log is maintained with secure, restricted access
15. We have a process for managing allegations against staff or volunteers
16. We have a whistleblowing policy that protects those who raise concerns in good faith

Part E: Culture & Environment

17. There is a code of conduct for all staff, volunteers, and coaches
18. We have carried out a physical environment safety audit in the last 12 months
19. Children and young people are consulted about their welfare and safety experience
20. Safeguarding is a standing agenda item at senior leadership/board meetings

Results

out of 60
Complete the assessment above to see your results.

What is a Rights-Based Approach?

A child rights approach goes beyond simply preventing harm. It frames every child as a rights-holder: someone entitled to protection, participation, and development, not just a potential victim to be managed.

Football has enormous reach. FIFA estimates it connects with 5 billion people globally. That reach means football organisations have both the opportunity and the responsibility to be rights-enablers, not rights-violators.

The 4 Core Principles (UNCRC)

1
Non-discrimination: Every child has rights, regardless of background, ability, gender, or status
2
Best interests of the child: Child wellbeing must be the primary consideration in all decisions
3
Right to life, survival & development: Children have the right to develop to their full potential
4
Participation: Children have the right to express their views and have them taken seriously

Key UNCRC Articles for Safeguarding Officers

Article 3
Best Interests

In all actions concerning children, whether by courts, institutions, or organisations, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration.

Article 12
Participation

Children have the right to express their views freely on matters affecting them, and those views must be given due weight.

Article 19
Protection from Violence

States must protect children from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect, or maltreatment by anyone in a position of care.

Article 31
Leisure & Sport

Children have the right to rest, play, and engage in recreational and cultural activities appropriate to their age, including sport.

Article 34
Sexual Exploitation

States must protect children from all forms of sexual exploitation and abuse, including coercion into any sexual activity.

Article 36
Other Exploitation

Children must be protected against all forms of exploitation prejudicial to any aspects of their welfare, including exploitation by coaches or agents.

Adults at Risk

Safeguarding is not limited to children. Adults may also be at risk due to:

  • Physical or learning disability
  • Mental health conditions
  • Age-related vulnerability
  • Dependency on others for care
  • Social isolation
  • Language barriers or immigration status

The same child protection principles apply. The key question is: does this person have the capacity to protect themselves? If not, they need safeguarding support.

Football as a Rights Enabler

Football can both enable and violate child rights. Your role is to tip the balance firmly toward enabling:

Rights-enabling football
  • Children participate in safe, age-appropriate environments
  • Children are consulted about their training and welfare
  • Coaches treat all players with equal dignity
  • Safeguarding is visible and approachable
Rights-violating football
  • Children are selected purely for performance
  • Physical or emotional abuse is tolerated as "tough coaching"
  • Safeguarding concerns are silenced to protect reputation
  • Children have no voice in decisions about their welfare

Why Codes of Conduct Matter

A code of conduct is a set of written expectations that define acceptable and unacceptable behaviour for a specific role. They are one of the most powerful tools for preventing abuse in sport because they:

  • Set a clear standard before incidents occur
  • Give the SO grounds for disciplinary action
  • Signal to perpetrators that inappropriate behaviour will be noticed
  • Empower children and parents to challenge boundary violations
  • Create a culture where "that's just how coaches are" is not acceptable

Who Needs a Code?

Coaches
Most critical role: direct unsupervised access to children
Players
Age-appropriate version covering respect, fairness, social media
Parents/Guardians
Sideline behaviour, social media, interaction with other players
Board Members
Governance responsibilities, conflict of interest, information handling
Volunteers
Supervised contact only, reporting obligations, photography
Medical Staff
Chaperone policy, consent, record-keeping, confidentiality

Core Components of a Coaches' Code of Conduct

1
Physical Contact

Only appropriate, necessary contact with parental consent. No contact in areas covered by swimwear. Avoid one-to-one situations.

2
Communication

All digital communication via club channels. No private messaging with players. Parents/guardians copied on any individual messages.

3
Relationships

No romantic or sexual relationships with players. Maintain professional boundaries at all times, including on social media.

4
Language & Behaviour

No abusive, discriminatory, or demeaning language. No humiliating players in front of peers. Positive, constructive coaching only.

5
Photography & Media

No personal photography of players. Use only club-approved devices and platforms. Obtain parental consent before sharing any images.

6
Travel & Accommodation

Never share accommodation with a player. Always use approved chaperone arrangements. Follow club overnight travel policy.

Codes as a Grooming Prevention Tool

Many grooming behaviours can look innocent in isolation. Codes of conduct make these patterns visible and actionable:

Grooming behaviour Giving gifts to a specific player privately
Code response "Coaches must not give personal gifts to individual players"
Grooming behaviour Messaging a player on a personal phone late at night
Code response "All communication must be via official club channels during appropriate hours"
Grooming behaviour Offering to give a player a private lift home alone
Code response "Coaches must not transport individual players alone without prior written parental consent"

Enforcement & Breach Process

1
Detection: Concern raised by player, parent, colleague, or SO observation
2
Documentation: Record exactly what behaviour was observed or reported, with dates and witnesses
3
Assess severity: Single minor breach, a pattern of behaviour, or a serious breach requiring immediate suspension
4
Notify leadership — Inform the board or line manager. Suspension may be required while investigating
5
Investigation — Gather all evidence. Do not interview the alleged perpetrator if a safeguarding concern is involved
6
Outcome & sanction — Warning, retraining, suspension, or dismissal depending on severity and pattern

Why Advocacy is Part of Your Role

Being a Safeguarding Officer is not just about responding to incidents — it's about building an organisational culture where safeguarding is embedded. That requires influencing people who may be resistant, indifferent, or too busy.

"Safeguarding is everyone's responsibility, but it only becomes real when people with influence — coaches, board members, club presidents — own it."

— FIFA Safeguarding

Common Resistance You'll Face

"It won't happen here" → Point to national statistics; abuse happens in respected organisations
"We can't afford it" → Show the cost of NOT acting: reputational damage, legal liability, loss of sponsors
"We trust our people" → Most abuse is committed by trusted adults, not strangers
"This will cause panic" → Visible safeguarding increases trust with parents and players
"It's just bureaucracy" → Frame it as protecting the club's licence to operate

Stakeholder Mapping

Use the interest × influence grid to prioritise where to invest your energy. Place key people in the quadrant that fits their current position.

High Influence + High Interest
→ Key allies. Keep engaged.
Club president, head coach, board safeguarding lead. Work closely with these people.
High Influence + Low Interest
→ Keep satisfied.
Executive committee, major sponsors. They need to hear the "risk and reputation" argument.
Low Influence + High Interest
→ Keep informed.
Parents, players, admin staff. They care deeply — give them information and involve them where possible.
Low Influence + Low Interest
→ Monitor.
Casual volunteers, match-day helpers. Keep informed of basics; don't over-invest here.

Building Your Safeguarding Ally Network

A safeguarding ally is someone who proactively supports your work, even when it's not formally their job. They champion safeguarding in conversations you're not part of.

Internal allies to cultivate:

  • Head coach willing to model correct behaviour
  • Board member who asks safeguarding questions at every meeting
  • Team manager who notices and reports concerns

External allies to identify:

  • National Association Safeguarding Officer
  • Local statutory safeguarding board
  • Police Child Exploitation & Online Protection unit
  • Child protection NGOs and survivor organisations
  • Fellow SOs in peer networks

Making the Case to Senior Management

Senior managers respond to language about risk, reputation, and return. Frame your safeguarding ask in those terms:

Legal & compliance risk

Failure to implement adequate safeguarding exposes the club to civil liability and criminal prosecution. Insurance may not cover incidents where no policy existed.

Reputational risk

One publicised incident can destroy decades of community trust. Safeguarding is a reputational investment, not a cost.

Talent pipeline risk

Families choose clubs based on safety. A reputation for strong safeguarding is a recruitment and retention advantage.

FIFA & federation requirements

FIFA mandates all member associations implement safeguarding frameworks. Non-compliance risks registration and funding consequences.

When to Complete a Risk Assessment

  • Any tournament or event involving children
  • Overnight travel or residential trips
  • New activities or training formats
  • Matches at unfamiliar venues
  • Events with external coaches or visitors
  • Any situation with reduced supervision ratios
  • Online sessions or digital activities

The 6 Steps

1
Identify the risk area (what could go wrong?)
2
Identify who might be harmed and how
3
List existing safeguards already in place
4
Rate the residual risk level (Low / Medium / High)
5
Name the responsible person for each mitigation
6
Set the review date

Build Your Risk Assessment

Standard Risk Areas

Risk Area 1: Physical Environment
Risk Area 2: Adult-Child Ratios
Risk Area 3: Photography & Media
Risk Area 4: Travel & Accommodation
Risk Area 5: Online Communication
Risk Area 6: Recruitment & Access Control
Children make up approximately one-third of all internet users globally. As access starts younger, so does exposure to online abuse: grooming, exploitation, cyberbullying, and harassment.

What Is the Digital World?

The digital world covers all ways people communicate using electronic and online technologies, including:

  • Social media: Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, TikTok
  • Messaging apps: WhatsApp, Snapchat, Discord
  • Video conferencing: Zoom, Microsoft Teams
  • Online gaming with open chatrooms (including football video games)
  • Mobile phones and tablets used for personal communication

"Online and face-to-face abuse exist on a continuum. Initial contact often starts on social media and then continues in person. The trauma experienced by those abused online is as devastating as any offline abuse."

— FIFA Safeguarding

Key Online Risks for Children

Cyberbullying Persistent harassment, humiliation, or threats via digital channels
Online grooming Perpetrators building trust online before pursuing in-person contact
Online sexual exploitation Soliciting, sharing, or producing indecent images
Image misuse Using personal photos to humiliate or to facilitate exploitation
Harmful content Unrealistic body image, self-harm content, extremist material
Non-consensual sharing Private images shared without the subject's knowledge or agreement

Why Digital Bullying Is More Harmful Than Traditional Bullying

1
Global reach

Abusive content can instantly reach a worldwide audience, amplifying humiliation far beyond a single person or place.

2
No escape

Online bullying intrudes into every part of the victim's life around the clock: home, school, and football club alike.

3
Anonymity

Abusers can hide their identity, emboldening behaviour they would not exhibit face to face.

4
Permanence

Digital content is hard to delete once shared. Screenshots persist even after original posts are removed.

5
Pile-on effect

A single post can trigger hostile responses from strangers who do not know the victim at all.

6
Secondary harm

Filmed moments (e.g., a player asleep or injured) can be posted without consent, causing reputational damage alongside emotional trauma.

Photography and Images of Children

Images of children can be misused by predators or cause lasting harm when shared without consent. Follow these principles:

1
Think carefully before publishing any image of a child online or in promotional materials
2
Choose positive images that promote the game without identifying individuals unnecessarily
3
Do not supply a child's full name alongside their image unless it is in the child's best interests and parental consent has been obtained
4
Only use images of children in appropriate sportswear, including shin pads where relevant
5
Avoid camera angles that could sexualise or objectify players in any way
6
Ban photography and filming in toilets, changing areas, and shower areas without exception
7
Provide coaches who use images with clear guidance on use, consent, storage, and confidentiality

Informed Consent for Images

Consent is not simply a general agreement. Informed consent requires documented understanding of all of the following:

What What type of images will be taken and in what context
Where How and where images will be used (website, social media, training materials, etc.)
How long How long images will be stored and who can access them
Rules The organisation's rules about appropriate image content
Withdrawal How the consent-giver can withdraw permission at any time

Children require consent in a format they can understand, plus separate parental or guardian consent. Many countries have a "right to one's own image" in law, meaning commercial use without consent can carry legal consequences.

Organisational Arrangements for Digital Safety

Policy and Governance

  • Develop and promote a clear online safety policy
  • Include standards of online behaviour in all codes of conduct
  • Ensure policy breaches are investigated and consequences are clear
  • Reference UNICEF UK online safety guidelines in your policy documents

FIFA Social Media Protection Service (SMPS)

Available to all 211 FIFA Member Associations. The SMPS protects social media accounts of players, coaches, officials, and teams from hate speech by automatically hiding abusive comments, preventing followers from being exposed to discriminatory posts.

Contact your Member Association to enquire about access to this service.

These guidelines were produced by UNICEF UK in response to the rapid shift to online coaching and communication during COVID-19, but remain fully relevant for all ongoing digital contact between adults and children in football.

For Children

1
Normal safety rules apply. Do not share contact details with people you do not know or trust. Keep private things private online just as you would offline.
2
Formal contact only. Only engage with coaches and other adults as part of formal sessions. Do not accept them as private contacts on personal accounts.
3
Know the law. It is illegal and dangerous to share sexual or inappropriate images of yourself with anyone, including people you know.
4
Be kind online. If someone is being unkind, stop contact and tell a trusted adult. You do not have to put up with it.
5
Tell someone. National helplines are available. Use them if you are worried. You will not be in trouble for asking for help.

For Parents and Carers

1
Stay aware. Know what your child is doing online and who they are connecting with. Those who seek out children online will exploit uncertainty and distrust.
2
Set boundaries. Balance online time with offline activity. Note: social media platforms require users to be 13 or older.
3
Check in. Make yourself known to any adult who begins unexpected online contact with your child. Ask what safeguarding measures are in place.
4
One-to-one is not good practice. One adult with one child in an online session is a risk. Another adult should be present or copied in. Challenge this if you see it.
5
Report concerns. Use national helplines or local child protection organisations if you believe your child is at risk of online exploitation.

For Professionals

1
Plan with safeguarding in mind. Complete a risk assessment for online sessions. Be mindful of where children are joining from and what they are wearing.
2
Be accountable. Avoid one-to-one online contact with children. Always have another adult involved. If unavoidable, encourage the child to join from a visible area of the home (not their bedroom).
3
Copy parents in. Copy parents or carers into any online communications with children under 13. Use closed groups with only relevant participants.
4
Keep professional boundaries. Do not share personal information. Never contact children through personal accounts. Decline private online invitations from children.
5
Use separate accounts. Use a professional or organisational account for all child-facing work. Closed groups prevent external individuals gaining access to children.
6
Be ready to report. Online sessions may reveal things about home situations you would not normally see. Know how to report immediate risks and how to follow up on welfare concerns after a session.

Online Safety Red Flags

Warning signs in children

Secrecy Closing devices, hiding screens, or becoming anxious when asked about online activity
New contacts Mentioning new online friends or contacts they have not met in person
Mood change Becoming withdrawn, upset, or angry after using devices
Gifts Receiving gifts, phone credit, or money from online contacts
Sleep disruption Being awake late using devices; fatigue during sessions

Warning signs in adults

Private channels Using personal accounts or private messaging apps to contact children
One-to-one Insisting on individual online sessions without another adult present
Unusual hours Contacting children early morning, late at night, or during holidays
Special treatment Singling out a child for extra online contact or attention
Secrecy requests Asking the child not to tell parents or others about their conversations
Culture is "the way we do things around here." It is learned, not innate, and it can change. The goal is to move safeguarding from a compliance requirement to a genuine organisational value.

What Is Culture?

Culture is a collection of assumptions, values, beliefs, behaviours, and practices shared among a group of people. Two crucial facts:

Culture is learned

It is not innate or fixed. It is acquired through upbringing, life experience, and the organisations people belong to.

Culture can change

With sustained effort, positive role models, and senior leadership commitment, culture shifts are possible. A Safeguarding Officer cannot do this alone but plays a crucial role.

Harmful vs. Positive Culture

Harmful culture

  • "Win at all costs"
  • "Coach is always right"
  • Rigid top-down hierarchy
  • Players viewed as commodities
  • Victims not taken seriously
  • Reputation over protection

Positive culture

  • Child rights as foundation
  • Player wellbeing over results
  • Inclusive communication
  • Players have a voice
  • Concerns heard and acted on
  • Continual learning and review

Common Features of Harmful Culture (from Independent Investigation Reports)

No player voice Athletes had little or no say in how the sport was run or decisions that affected them
Commodification Players viewed as performance assets, not people with rights and welfare needs
Concerns dismissed When victims raised concerns, they were ignored, minimised, or actively suppressed
No accountability Senior coaches and managers faced no consequences for boundary violations
Reputation first The sport's image or key individuals were prioritised over victims' welfare
Top-down control Controlling management style left little room to challenge harmful behaviour
Risk escalates Risks to young athletes increased as they progressed toward elite level, not decreased
Fixed mindset "This is how we've always done it" prevented reflection and reform

"Culture change within football is very important. This includes challenging negative attitudes to mental health and distorted thinking about sexual conduct. The main concern always should be to reduce risk to young people and to ensure their protection ahead of the reputational interest of the organisation."

— Scottish Football Independent Review Report (Henry, 2020)

Securing Senior Leadership Buy-In

Senior leaders are often the key to cultural change. When presenting the case to them, use these arguments:

1
Identify organisational benefits: legal compliance, reduced liability, positive public reputation
2
Identify current risks: damaging publicity, legal action by victims, regulatory sanctions
3
Provide a clear outline safeguarding improvement plan with realistic timelines
4
Share examples from other Member Associations that have successfully made this change
5
Reference the free Sports Safeguarding Culture Programme: culture.safeinsport.org

Signs That Leadership "Gets It"

Cultural change is real when you observe these signs organically, without prompting from the Safeguarding Officer:

Spontaneous Leaders reference safeguarding in communications without being asked
Strategic Safeguarding is included in the organisation's Strategic Development Plan
Collaborative Other departments consult the Safeguarding Officer proactively
Autonomous Other departments take safeguarding actions without prompting
Embedded Other departments request safeguarding training for their own programmes

Making Cultural Change Stick: Priya's Approach

A Safeguarding Officer successfully embedded risk assessments as a standard and expected practice across her organisation. Her step-by-step approach:

1
Mandate

Establish the policy with a clear senior leader mandate. Safeguarding cannot be optional or advisory.

2
Promote

Communicate to all relevant staff with guidance, templates, and clear expectations about what is required and when.

3
Monitor

Check compliance and quality consistently. Monitoring is not punishment — it shows the organisation takes this seriously.

4
Persist

Persevere in the face of non-compliance. Establish a system that does not allow poor practice to persist without consequence.

5
Feedback

Provide supportive, constructive feedback — not just criticism. Acknowledge effort and improvement.

6
Celebrate

Publicly promote positive practice examples. Make it clear that doing the right thing is recognised and valued.

Eventually staff began completing risk assessments proactively without reminders. That is the definition of embedded cultural change.
A child-centred approach means putting the best interests of each child at the centre of everything you do. It promotes welfare and enjoyment, and it does not mean children do not work hard. Every player is respected, has a voice, and their welfare is the top priority.

Harmful vs. Child-Centred Coaching

Harmful coaching

  • Never challenge the coach
  • Win at all costs
  • No pain, no gain
  • Exercise used as punishment
  • Players ignored if below standard
  • Guilt and shame as motivation

Child-centred coaching

  • Coach welcomes questions
  • Effort and improvement praised
  • Goals explained to players
  • Player feedback invited
  • All players included
  • Empathy and respect modelled

"Be the coach you would want to play for."

— Child-Centred Coaches' Charter

Physical Exercise as Punishment

Using physical exercise or training as punishment is inappropriate, potentially damaging, and is not child-centred coaching.
  • Risks injury through over-exertion, especially for developing bodies
  • Pushing children to exhaustion or forcing training while injured may constitute physical abuse or criminal behaviour
  • Coaches must still apply behavioural sanctions where appropriate
  • Sanctions must never endanger health, welfare, or dignity

Case example: A parent complained that after a full match, an exhausted 11-year-old was made to run 10 laps and do 50 press-ups as punishment. The boy vomited and was sent to the changing rooms in disgrace.

— FIFA Safeguarding

Child-Centred Coaches' Charter: Key Commitments

1
Fun and development first

Emphasise fun, teamwork, fair play, and skill improvement. Winning is not the primary goal, especially for younger age groups.

2
Open training environment

Conduct all sessions in an open, visible environment. No closed doors. Parents and observers are welcome, not a threat.

3
Praise effort

Praise effort, improvement, and teamwork before individual performance outcomes. This builds resilience and a growth mindset.

4
Include everyone

Actively include lower-ability players. Do not neglect or sideline them. Every child deserves quality coaching attention.

5
Zero tolerance for bullying

Develop a code of conduct that explicitly addresses bullying, initiation rituals, and verbal abuse between players and by coaches.

6
Player independence

Encourage problem-solving and player-led decision making. Players who think for themselves develop better than those who only follow instructions.

7
Empathy and respect

Model empathy and respect players' individual differences in ability, background, culture, and pace of development.

8
No shame, no guilt

Never use guilt, shame, humiliation, or neglect to motivate or punish. These are emotionally abusive and counter-productive.

Responding to Poor Coaching Practice

When you identify coaching behaviour that is not child-centred:

1
Secure the support of a safeguarding ally within the coaching or education team
2
Refer to the coaches' code of conduct and flag the potential disciplinary breach
3
Reflect how the behaviour is not child-centred and is potentially damaging
4
Highlight that child-centred training produces better player development outcomes
5
Consider providing or re-providing appropriate training and supervision
6
If re-education fails, direct disciplinary action may be necessary

Whole Club Approach: What Good Looks Like

Child-centred practice is not only for coaches. It is a whole-club commitment. Clubs with strong records include:

UN Convention Practice underpinned by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
Player voice Children have a genuine voice in session design and club decisions
Feedback loops Players feed back at the end of every session; input is acted on
Age-appropriate Younger children are not placed in high-pressure competitive formats
Sideline culture Adults are not permitted to shout abuse or instructions from the sideline
Self-motivated Child-led play is used to develop independent and self-motivated players

No significant financial resources are required to embed this approach. It requires individual and organisational commitment to the principles.

Why Safer Recruitment Matters

Research shows that people who seek to harm children often deliberately target organisations with weak screening processes. A robust recruitment process makes your organisation a less attractive target and creates documented evidence of due diligence.

"Safer recruitment is not just about checking boxes — it's about creating a hiring culture where safeguarding is embedded from the very first contact with a candidate."

— FIFA Safeguarding

Key Principles

  • Same process for all — paid staff and volunteers, short- and long-term, regardless of how well you know the person
  • No exceptions — "but they're a parent" or "we've known them for years" is not a substitute for screening
  • Proportionate — supervised, non-contact roles require less intensive checking than unsupervised direct-access roles
  • Ongoing — recruitment is not a one-off; behaviour should be monitored throughout employment
  • Documented — every step must be recorded, even if the candidate is not appointed

12-Step Safer Recruitment Checklist

1
Job Description

Includes safeguarding responsibilities. States that post is subject to background checks. References the club safeguarding policy.

2
Person Specification

Includes commitment to child protection as an essential criterion. Not optional — make it a requirement for shortlisting.

3
Policy Shared Early

Safeguarding policy sent to all applicants with the application pack. Sets the tone and deters unsuitable candidates.

4
Structured Application Form

Use an application form — not just a CV. Include employment gaps and reasons. Gaps must be explored, not ignored.

5
Self-Declaration Form

Candidate declares any criminal convictions, cautions, or investigations. This is separate from the DBS check and signed under penalty of dismissal if false.

6
Shortlisting Against Criteria

Panel-based shortlisting. Any concern about an application (unexplained gaps, vague responses) must be documented and explored at interview.

7
Safeguarding Interview

At least one safeguarding scenario question for all child-facing roles. "What would you do if a player told you something concerning?" Assess response, not just knowledge.

8
References

Minimum two references, one from most recent employer. At least one referee must confirm suitability to work with children. References are taken up BEFORE appointment is confirmed.

9
Background Check (DBS/Equivalent)

Enhanced background check for all child-facing roles. Level of check must match the role. Check must be completed before unsupervised access begins.

10
Overseas Check

For anyone who has lived or worked abroad: additional country-specific check required. FIFA maintains a Sport Integrity database for international staff.

11
Safeguarding Induction

First week includes safeguarding training, reading and signing the policy, and understanding the reporting procedure. Document completion.

12
Probationary Review

Safeguarding behaviour reviewed during probation. Is the person modelling appropriate boundaries? Following the code of conduct? A probationary fail can be for safeguarding reasons.

Retrospective Application

What about existing staff who were appointed before these processes existed?

1
Audit who has direct access to children and what checks exist
2
Prioritise highest-risk roles: sole access, overnight trips, physios
3
Request retrospective DBS checks for all child-facing staff
4
Issue new codes of conduct for all to sign
5
Document completion dates — this is your evidence of diligence

Red Flags in Applications

Unexplained gaps In employment or volunteering history — must be explored at interview
Vague references Referees who say very little — follow up with direct conversation
Excessive interest in children Focus on child contact far beyond what the role requires
Negative about boundaries Questions or pushback about chaperone policies or DBS checks
Preference for isolated contact Wanting one-to-one sessions or access outside normal hours
Frequent job changes Especially across multiple organisations that work with children